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Bulls say: Other than as a tactical rotation to a sector generally insulated from macro shocks such as the oil price spike that also accompanied the Israel-Iran news, we hear two narratives to justify snapping up defense contractors. Neither holds much fundamental water in our view.
First, the idea that combat fuels more purchases of weapons made by a given firm and makes that company's stock worth more ignores how long in advance militaries procure weapons, subject to strategic and political constraints.
Second, that increased geopolitical instability broadly stimulates defense budgets, and thus defense contractor revenue is more logical. Still, we don't see incremental upside to global defense spending from the super cycle we already forecast.
Business Strategy & Outlook Nicolas Owens, Equity Analyst, 29 Jan 2025
Lockheed derived nearly 75% of its $71 billion in 2024 sales servicing contracts from the US Department of Defense, the largest military budget on Earth, and stands to operate the largest defense procurement program ever awarded (F-35) through the 2060s. Thus, as a bet on the defense industry, Lockheed is
hard to beat. Biggest isn't always best, but Lockheed (and investors) benefit from the sheer scale of its tens of billions of dollars of contracts that provide defined decades long revenue and profit streams.
Lockheed should benefit from recent and foreseeable increases in US defense spending, driven in the short term by orders to resupply munitions expended in Ukraine far faster than they can be made.
Longer term, the Pentagon has prioritized modernization of the military's ability to counter aggression from multiple so-called great power rivals, namely China and Russia, while also managing threats from terrorism and hot spots like Iran and North Korea.
Defense budgets usually ebb and flow with a nation's wealth and its perception of danger. In the US, both have been on the rise, and among many allies, notably Germany and Japan, geopolitics is leading to larger military budgets than we've seen for decades. For perspective, we estimate that the portions of the US defense budget relevant to contractors like Lockheed and its many subcontractors shrank between 2011-16 by 3.7% annualized while these budgets grew between 2016-22 by 6.6% annualized.
We think defense procurement budgets will continue to grow with modernization, but more moderately around 3.0% over the next five years.
We think Lockheed Martin's exposure to the F-35 program, hypersonic missiles, and the militarization of space align it well with areas of spending prioritized in the US defense budget. In the current environment, though, the constraint on the defense sector's opportunity is not access to defense spending or the size of budgets, but rather the ability to deploy enough skilled employees (often requiring security clearance) and specialized components and materials (that are lately in short supply)
to execute on the programs on time and on budget.