I can see you guys don't see exactly how it works. Here are some examples:
Facts:
Single individual, no dependents
No minimum essential coverage for any month
Does not qualify for an exemption
Household income = $40,000
Filing threshold = $10,150
Payment calculation:
Percentage of income:
$40,000 10,150 = $29,850,
1% x $29,850 = $298.50
compare to:
Flat dollar penalty: $95
2014 Individual responsibility payment (tax) = $298.50 (because $298.50 is > $95)
< if less than the national average for bronze level coverage
Facts:
Married w/two children under 18
No minimum essential coverage for any month
Does not qualify for an exemption
Household income = $70,000
Filing threshold = $20,300
Payment calculation:
Percentage of income:
$70,000 20,300 = $49,700,
1% x $49,700 = $497
Flat dollar: 285 = ((95 x 2) + ($95/2 x 2))
2014 Individual responsibility payment (tax) = $497 ($497 is > $285) and also < the national average for bronze level coverage
The income is defined as what is in excess of the filing threshold. If your income is so low you don't have a file a return, then no penalty (unless you took the subsidy). If you take the subsidy, you gotta file a return and the IRS can fine and lien on any amounts in excess.
This whole thing is a giant turd in an ever decreasing sized punch bowl...and this is just a small and simplified part of it in the first year implementation. The complexities seem endless and the employer mandate to follow.