You were vague per the standard. Looks like you gave a partial list sourced via AI. What specific standard of was either referenced or established in those cases? What specific legal standard of "excessive" will he be held to? It seems like then we could discuss.
The agent perceived being physically engaged, having put him as engaged with two people. Again, what specific legal standard of "excessive" are we judging by? You have failed to provide, so... again... We're debating AI results.
That was in no way the best angle. He clearly made physical contact with the agent.
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Probably in the excitement of him having just been shot. What a stupid question.
Again, what is the legal definition of "excessive", and then we can debate. Like I said, if you can provide it, I may even agree with you.
The Court has recognized that the lawful stop and arrest powers of a police officer "necessarily"
include "the right to use some degree of physical coercion or threat thereof[.]" The Court has stressed, however, that the permissibility of an officer's use of force in a given situation
must—as the text of the Fourth Amendment suggests—be "reasonable." The reasonableness requirement in the use-of-force context aligns with the Court's overall
observationthat "the ultimate touchstone of the Fourth Amendment is 'reasonableness.'"
The Court has
characterized the "reasonableness" standard as one that "is not capable of precise definition or mechanical application." Rather, the Court has said that determining whether a use of force is "reasonable" is a case-dependent assessment,
requiring a balancing of "the nature and quality of the intrusion on the individual's Fourth Amendment interests against the importance of the governmental interests alleged to justify the intrusion." This judicial balancing will
depend on "the facts and circumstances of each particular case[.]"
Beyond this general reasonableness requirement, the Supreme Court has announced some specific principles that lower courts employ to guide their assessment of the reasonableness of both lethal and nonlethal uses of force by police officers. First, reasonableness is
judged"from the perspective of a reasonable officer on the scene, rather than with the 20/20 vision of hindsight." In other words, the constitutional calculus must
allow "for the fact that police officers are often forced to make split-second judgments—in circumstances that are tense, uncertain, and rapidly evolving[.]"
Second, the reasonableness inquiry is an objective one, meaning that the appropriateness of a use of force is
gaugedby what is "'objectively reasonable' in light of the facts and circumstances confronting" an officer. As such, the
officer's "underlying intent or motivation" is irrelevant. The Court has also identified several
factors to be included in the assessment of the facts and circumstances surrounding a particular use of force: (1) "the severity of the crime at issue," (2) "whether the suspect poses an immediate threat to the safety of the officers or others," and (3) whether the suspect "is actively resisting arrest or attempting to evade arrest by flight."