Many tax cut provisions, especially income tax cuts, will expire in 2025,
[10] and starting in 2021 will increase over time; this, by 2027 would affect an estimated 65% of the population and in that same year the law's provisions are set to be fully enacted,
[11] however, corporate tax cuts are permanent. This enabled the Senate to pass the bill with only 51 votes, without the need to defeat a
filibuster, under the
budget reconciliation process.
[12] The House passed the penultimate version of the bill on December 19, 2017. The Senate passed the final bill, 51–48, on December 20, 2017. On the same day, a re-vote was held in the House for procedural reasons; the bill passed, 224–201. The bill was signed into law by President
Donald Trump on December 22, 2017. Most of the changes introduced by the bill went into effect on January 1, 2018, and did not affect 2017 taxes.
[13]