pretending that evolution is part and parcel to bio is ridiculous. Evolution is but a tertiary piece of bio and certainly not the basis for what docs know or do. It is funny that the tone has changed from Evolution the cornerstone to evolution is at the beginning of biology. That similar to calling understanding the definition of a hydrocarbon the basis of all medicine, dentistry and medical breakthroughs. I understand that's at the front of all OrgoChem courses as well, so maybe it is.
Again, we interchange a lot of things around here regularly and typically the evolution debate is about our origins, not actual micro or macro evolution. I assure you that I get the theory, in that it just isn't very complicated and isn't particularly well understood in the mechanical sense.
Your doc friend is a moron if he's telling you evolution is the basis of his medical education or even more silly, that evolution is the basis for all advances in modern medicine.