The U.S. Supreme Court’s 2025-2026 term begins on October 6, 2025, and several significant cases are scheduled or expected to be heard during the fall session. Below is a summary of some of the major cases, based on available information, that are likely to draw attention due to their legal, social, or political implications:
- Transgender Rights Cases:
- United States v. Skrmetti (reargument): This case involves challenges to Tennessee and Kentucky laws banning gender-affirming care for transgender minors. The Court heard arguments on December 4, 2024, in the previous term, but ordered supplemental briefing and a rehearing for the 2025-2026 term. The case examines whether these bans violate the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. The conservative majority appeared inclined to uphold Tennessee’s law, with some justices framing it as an age-based restriction rather than sex-based discrimination, while others raised concerns about judicial overreach into legislative policy.
- Idaho and West Virginia Transgender Athlete Bans: The Court will hear appeals from Idaho and West Virginia defending state laws that prohibit transgender athletes from participating in female sports teams at public schools. These cases stem from lower court rulings siding with transgender students and address civil rights and equal protection issues. No specific argument date has been set, but they are expected in the fall session.
- Religious Rights and Public Education:
- Mahmoud v. Taylor: This case questions whether a Maryland school board’s refusal to allow parents to opt their elementary-age children out of classroom instruction involving LGBTQ+ themes violates the First Amendment’s Free Exercise Clause. Oral arguments are scheduled for April 22, 2025, from the prior term’s calendar, but may carry over into the fall session. The case has sparked debate over balancing parental religious rights with public school curriculum management.
- Catholic Charities Bureau v. Wisconsin: The Court will decide whether Wisconsin’s denial of a tax exemption to a religious organization (Catholic Charities Bureau) for not meeting the state’s criteria for “typical” religious activity violates the First Amendment’s religion clauses. Oral arguments are set for April 21, 2025, but could extend into the fall if delayed. This case explores the boundaries of state authority over religious organizations.
- Campaign Finance and Free Speech:
- Republican-led Challenge Involving JD Vance: The Court will hear a case challenging federal limits on coordinated campaign spending by political parties, arguing that these restrictions violate the First Amendment’s free speech protections. The case involves Vice President JD Vance, who was a U.S. Senate candidate when the litigation began. No specific argument date is confirmed, but it is slated for the 2025-2026 term. This could reshape campaign finance regulations.
- Free Speech Coalition, Inc. v. Paxton (decided June 27, 2025): Although decided in the prior term, this case’s implications may influence fall discussions. It addressed a Texas law requiring age verification for accessing online content deemed obscene for children, ruling it subject to intermediate scrutiny due to its incidental effect on protected speech.
- Capital Punishment:
- Hamm v. Smith: This case involves Alabama’s appeal of a lower court ruling that found Joseph Clifton Smith, convicted of a 1997 murder, to be intellectually disabled, sparing him from the death penalty under a 2002 Supreme Court precedent banning the execution of intellectually disabled individuals. The case tests the application of the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment. No argument date is confirmed, but it is scheduled for the 2025-2026 term.
- Glossip v. Oklahoma (decided in prior term): While already ruled on, this case’s focus on prosecutorial misconduct in death penalty cases may influence related fall arguments. The majority found prosecutors violated constitutional obligations by failing to correct false testimony, prompting broader debate on capital punishment fairness.
- Environmental and Energy Litigation:
- Chevron, Exxon Mobil, et al. v. Plaquemines and Cameron Parishes: Oil and gas companies are appealing to move lawsuits from Louisiana state courts to federal courts, arguing that the suits involve oil production tied to federal contracts during World War II. The case addresses jurisdictional issues and could impact how environmental lawsuits against energy companies are litigated. No argument date is set, but it is expected in the term.
- Enbridge v. Michigan: The Court will hear Enbridge’s bid to change the venue of Michigan’s lawsuit seeking to shut down part of a pipeline under the Straits of Mackinac due to environmental concerns. This case also involves federal versus state court jurisdiction and is scheduled for the 2025-2026 term.
- Voting Rights and Redistricting:
- Louisiana v. Callais (reargument): This case involves a Louisiana electoral map increasing the number of Black-majority congressional districts. The Court heard arguments on March 24, 2025, but ordered a rehearing for the 2025-2026 term. The ruling could affect the scope of the Voting Rights Act and redistricting practices nationwide.
- Conversion Therapy Ban:
- A Christian therapist is challenging Colorado’s ban on “conversion therapy” for minors, arguing it violates free speech under the First Amendment. The case tests the balance between state regulations and free speech rights. No argument date is confirmed, but it is set for the term.
- Emergency Docket Cases:
- The Court has been addressing several emergency applications related to Trump administration actions, such as challenges to executive orders on birthright citizenship, deportation policies, and federal funding freezes. While some were handled in the prior term, new emergency requests may arise in the fall session, potentially shaping the Court’s workload. For example, a case involving Trump’s attempt to remove Democratic members of the Consumer Product Safety Commission is under review
Notes:
- The Court has agreed to hear at least 65 cases in the 2024-2025 term, with 50 scheduled for argument, and more are expected to be added for the 2025-2026 term.
- Specific argument dates for some cases (e.g., Hamm v. Smith, Chevron v. Plaquemines) are not yet set, but they are confirmed for the 2025-2026 term, likely in the fall or early winter.
- The Court’s docket is dynamic, and additional high-profile cases may be added as the term progresses, especially given the volume of emergency applications tied to executive actions.
These cases cover contentious issues like transgender rights, religious freedoms, free speech, capital punishment, and environmental law, making the 2025-2026 term significant for shaping legal precedents. For the latest updates, check the Supreme Court’s official website (
www.supremecourt.gov) (
www.supremecourt.gov) or SCOTUSblog (
www.scotusblog.com) (
www.scotusblog.com)