more corruption and foolishness of the social security system:
Social Security borrows money to re-pay borrowed money
1. What happens with the surplus tax money the SSA takes in;
- For decades (roughly 1983–2020), Social Security collected more in payroll taxes than it paid out in benefits. These annual surpluses (hundreds of billions over time) were not set aside in a bank account or invested in stocks.
- By law, the surpluses were lent to the U.S. Treasury (the "general fund" side of the government). In exchange, the Treasury issued special non-marketable Treasury bonds to the Social Security trust funds.
- The Treasury then spent that cash on other government programs, tax cuts, wars, infrastructure, etc. In budget terms, the SS surpluses reduced the amount the government had to borrow from the public (investors, foreign governments, etc.) during those years.
So yes — the government effectively borrowed those excess payroll taxes from current and future Social Security participants. The Treasury gives the SSA bonds in place of the borrowed surplus taxes, so those bonds represent IOUs, money the gov't borrowed.
2. What happens now when SSA needs to "cash out" $50 billion in bonds (IOUs) in order to pay beneficiaries?
- Social Security is now running annual cash deficits (benefits + admin costs > payroll taxes + other income). So for example, when SSA needs an extra $50 billion this year to pay beneficiaries...
- The SSA redeems $50 billion worth of those special Treasury bonds from the trust fund.
- The Treasury has to pay that $50 billion in real cash to SSA so benefits can be sent out.
- Where does the Treasury get the cash?
- It cannot just print it or pull it from a magic pile.
- It draws from the general fund (all other federal revenues and borrowing).
- But the general fund is deeply in the red — running trillion-dollar deficits every year (often $1.5–2 trillion+ recently).
- So, to come up with the $50 billion (and everything else), the Treasury issues new Treasury bonds/securities and sells them to the public (investors, pension funds, China, etc.)...the Treasury has to borrow the $50 billion to pay back SSA for the $50 billion the SSA loaned to the Treasury years ago.
In short: The $50 billion going to Social Security is
financed by new borrowing from the public.
3. The bottom line —
- The government is using borrowed money (new debt sold to investors) to repay the old borrowed money (the payroll-tax surpluses it spent decades ago).
- It's like taking out a new credit card to pay off the old one.
- This doesn't "create" extra debt in the total federal debt sense (intragovernmental debt to SS goes down, debt held by the public goes up by roughly the same amount), but it does shift the burden onto future taxpayers and increases the publicly held national debt.
This is not some conspiracy — it's just how the unified federal budget works. Sources across the spectrum (Congressional Research Service, SSA itself, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, Cato Institute, etc.) all describe it the same way.
The trust fund bonds are real legal obligations (IOUs) backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government — they've always been honored. But the cash to honor them ultimately comes from the same place as everything else when the government is running big deficits:
new borrowing.
The $50 billion example is a perfect microcosm of the larger issue. When the trust funds are fully depleted (projected around 2034 under current law), the dynamic gets even starker — benefits would drop to ~75–80% of scheduled levels unless Congress acts, because there's no more bonds left to redeem.
But the borrowing-to-pay-back-borrowing pattern has already been happening for several years.