Heisenberg's uncertainty principle....using graphs.
Basically, the more you know about a particle's location at any given point, the less you know about its total energy/momentum.
A wave of potential locations for the particle is determined by the wave of all possible potentials from it's previous point in time. The distance it can travel is dependent on it's mass, and the time span. The longer time span or smaller the mass, the further the particle can move in a given time.
If you take two possible points it could be located right now, you get two possible waves it could be located in time T. Now, the particle can be virtually anywhere in the universe. But, you must perform the calculation for every possible location that the particle could have been located at time t=0.
When you do that, they begin to cancel out, and you find that the new wave potential is extremely localized. This can be illustrated by this .gif of the interference of wave addition. Notice that for each wave that is added, the potential location of the particle becomes more and more localized:
Therefore, the larger distance of possible locations at t=0 that you use to perform the Schrodinger's Equation on, the more you know about where the particle will be at time t.
It's a very broad topic, but those are some basics.