AI when asked how the government would tax crypto:
The IRS treats cryptocurrency as
property for federal tax purposes, not currency. This means that general tax principles applicable to property transactions (like stocks) apply to crypto, and any transaction where you sell, exchange, or otherwise dispose of your digital assets is a taxable event.
Key Taxable Events and Treatment
- Selling for Fiat Currency (e.g., USD): The difference between your cost basis (original purchase price plus fees) and the sale price is a capital gain or loss.
- Exchanging One Crypto for Another: This is considered a sale of one asset to acquire a new one and is a taxable event. You must report a capital gain or loss based on the fair market value at the time of the exchange.
- Spending Crypto on Goods or Services: This also triggers a capital gain or loss, calculated as the difference between the crypto's value when you acquired it and its fair market value when you spent it.
- Earning Crypto (Mining, Staking, Airdrops, Wages): When you receive crypto as payment for services, mining rewards, staking rewards, or airdrops, its fair market value at the time of receipt is considered ordinary income and is subject to income tax.
Capital Gains Tax Rates
The tax rate depends on how long you held the digital asset before disposing of it:
- Short-Term Capital Gains: For assets held one year or less, gains are taxed at your ordinary income tax rates (which range from 10% to 37% for the 2025 tax year).
- Long-Term Capital Gains: For assets held for more than one year, gains are subject to more favorable long-term capital gains tax rates (0%, 15%, or 20% for the 2025 tax year, depending on your total income).
Reporting Requirements and Forms
You are responsible for keeping detailed records of all your crypto transactions, including dates of acquisition and sale, purchase and sale prices, and the purpose of the transaction.
- Form 1040: You must answer the digital asset question at the top of this form.
- Form 8949 and Schedule D: Use these forms to report capital gains and losses from sales, exchanges, and other dispositions of crypto held as a capital asset.
- Schedule C or Schedule 1 (Form 1040): Use these to report ordinary income from crypto activities, such as self-employment earnings (Schedule C) or other income like staking rewards (Schedule 1).
Information Reporting by Brokers
Starting with the 2025 tax year, digital asset brokers (centralized exchanges, payment processors, etc.) are generally required to report gross proceeds from customer sales and exchanges to the IRS and to you on the new
Form 1099-DA. This makes it easier for the IRS to track transactions and ensure compliance. However, even if you do not receive a form, you are still obligated to report all taxable activity.
For more information, consult a tax professional or refer to the official
IRS guidance on digital assets.