Ah. It is hard to tell in that plot, but I'm pretty sure that you'd see that the CO2 increases actually lag the temperature increases historically. This is because the rising temperatures warm the oceans and release CO2. This rising CO2 further caused some additional warming, over that which was originally caused by some other factor - usually solar activity or orbital shifts I think.
I don't know what Gore implied...I don't remember. But he probably left a lot unsaid and left it for the viewer to take away the message that if CO2 is that much higher, then temperatures must also climb that much higher.
But, that would only be true if CO2 had caused the past warming, which it didn't. It was a positive feedback and did cause some additional warming but was not the primary driver for the increase.
In Gore's plot, the recent large increase in CO2 levels is very different. It is forced by human emissions (validated by isotopic analysis). It is leading temperature rises rather than lagging. Because it is now the driver rather than the feedback, we expect a different correlation between temperature and CO2 levels.
Note that if our high CO2 levels were also paired with one of these 'natural' warming events then we would expect even higher temperatures and a further increase in CO2 levels - but this time as feedback rather than a driver.