Socialism
In socialism, the government or the people own most businesses and services, not private individuals. The goal is for everyone to share resources more equally, and profits are used to benefit society, not just business owners. “The government runs almost everything so everyone’s needs are met.
- An ideological framework that’s hardly ever implemented in real practice. Any leftist politician who’s labeled a socialist, likely doesn’t exactly believe this, but that won’t prevent the false labels and fear mongering.
Democratic Socialism
Democratic socialism wants to move toward socialism, but through voting and democracy, not force. It supports public ownership of big things like healthcare or energy, but also protects free speech, elections, and civil rights. “We still vote, but the economy should serve everyone, not just the rich.”
- The same thing as socialism, but theoretically eliminates the flaw of an authoritarian regime, and allows people to have the final say. Again, rarely ever used in practice. Some people identify as a democratic socialist, but it’s more a political semantics thing, as most of their actual positions fall under social democracy.
Social Democracy
Social democracy keeps capitalism (private businesses, markets), but adds strong government programs to help people—like free healthcare, education, and paid leave. The goal isn’t to end capitalism, but to make it fairer. Think “Let businesses run, but make sure everyone has a safety net.”
- This is nearly the standard in many European countries. Most progressive/lefties are proponents of this. Bernie Sanders policies fall under here, although you’ll hear him identify himself as a democratic socialist.