Redleg68
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IN other words they can put one right thru your front door or in the bed of your truck while you are driving 60 miles an hour down the road. That is the math I understandSo we need to define some terminology.
GPS: Global Positioning System
INS: Inertial Navigation System
IMU: Inertial Measurement Unit
Gyroscope
Accelerometer
EGI: Enhanced GPS aided INS
So all navigation systems have at their core an IMU. The IMU is a six axis inertial measurement package 3 linear using accelerometers and 3 angular using gyroscopes. There are canned computational algorithms that take the IMU data and use it to determine how the host platform moves across the earth (or more generally thru space, even beyond the atmosphere ala moon shot) that system which takes that IMU inertial information and computes a navigation solution is called an INS. And until the advent of GPS that was it. We had inertial nav with the navigator taking a manual celestial fix to update the INS solution at various intervals. This provided corrections to the “free navigation” solution. Then along came GPS and those fixes now became automated along with how they corrected the errors in the INS measurement package, the IMU. This correction method uses a statistical state estimator that estimates the errors in the IMU and provides correction factors to the IMU and allows the INS to achieve a more accurate solution. So when you take an INS and combine it with a GPS receiver you get an EGI.
So the INS uses gyros for rotational measurements and accelerometers for linear measurements and creates a track history for the host platform carrying the INS. And the modern INS combines with a GPS receiver to create an automatic error correcting navigator which we refer to as the EGI. You can actually buy a text book in this day and age that illustrates the basic navigation equations in standardized form.
Did that answer it?
Edit: for completeness the INS uses 7 pieces of information not 6. The 7th is time. Very very very accurate time. The 6 axis IMU and time are combined by textbook equations to provide the navigation solution which answers the two basic questions. Where am I and when am I.