SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Air Samples from Inside Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Systems- COVID Surveillance in Student Dorms
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DEFINE_ME
Highlights
• HVAC air sampling was performed in a multi-floor student dorm to detect SARS-CoV-2.
• Three out of four air sampling methods with qRT-PCR analysis detected SARS-CoV-2.
• We detected SARS-CoV-2 in multiple air samples and correlated with clinical testing.
• HVAC air sampling provides surveillance for subclinical COVID infection detection.
• HVAC air sampling may be used to prevent and control disease spread.
Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic affected universities and institutions and caused campus shutdowns with a transition to online teaching models. To detect infections that might spread on campus, we pursued research towards detecting SARS-CoV-2 in air samples inside student dorms.
Methods
We sampled air in two large dormitories for 3.5 months and a separate isolation suite containing a student who had tested positive for COVID-19. We developed novel techniques employing four methods to collect air samples: Filter Cassettes, Button Sampler, BioSampler, and AerosolSense sampler combined with direct qRT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 analysis.
Results
For the two large dorms with the normal student population, we detected SARS-CoV-2 in 11 samples. When compared with student nasal swab qRT-PCR testing, we detected SARS-CoV-2 in air samples when a PCR positive COVID-19 student was living on the same floor of the sampling location with a detection rate of 75%. For the isolation dorm, we had a 100% SARS-CoV-2 detection rate with Aerosol Sense sampler.
Conclusion
Our data suggest air sampling may be an important SARS-CoV-2 surveillance technique, especially for buildings with congregant living settings (dorms, correctional facilities, barracks). Future building designs and public health policies should consider implementation of HVAC surveillance.