Recruiting Forum Football Talk II

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#152,228
#152,228
Pepe said:
Everybody seeks simple answers to complicated qiestions
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I'm not sure it's really all that complicated. I think it's more about being impatient for an answer right now and anxiety in discovering that we don't yet have a best answer to a simple question. jmo.

What science is currently looking for regarding immunity and to my knowledge have not yet found is something they call “correlates of protection.” Correlates of protection is a marker or group of markers in the body (blood system or something) that equates to adequate protection from the virus. Think of it as needing to know how many battalions of troops we need to field against an opponent. Do we just need a couple battalions of Army Rangers or do we need the full might of the Army, Air Force, Navy, Marines, Coast Guard, and SPACE FORCE? We need to have intelligence reports on the strength of our opponent in order to field an adequate defense. jmo.

(I'm sorry. I really just wanted to include SPACE FORCE in this answer).

To study the correlates of protection, scientists are now peering into the blood of people who have recovered from Covid-19 to map the defenses the immune system put up when the virus attacked. In recent weeks, they’ve described the type of antibodies produced, finding that they can have powerful effects against one of the virus’ key proteins, and that almost all patients who had the disease, even those who had mild infections, generated antibodies. Those are positive signs, given that a type of antibody, called a neutralizing antibody, is, in sufficient quantities, expected to offer some amount of protection for at least some amount of time.

The thought is that the defenses the body mounted to vanquish the virus the first time provide clues to what is required to fend off a second attack. To confirm that people who recover from Covid-19 are protected and to determine how long that lasts, scientists have to track people and see what happens to them if they encounter the virus again. That research often focuses on health care workers who are more likely to be exposed repeatedly.

Scientists can’t ethically expose people to the virus again intentionally. But with animals, researchers can “challenge” those that are vaccinated or have had an initial infection to see if they can ward the virus off — which is what recent studies in monkeys demonstrated. Scientists found that the animals generated neutralizing antibodies after they first contracted the virus or when they were given experimental vaccines, and that the higher the level of the antibodies the monkeys had (the higher the “titer,” in scientific parlance), the more protected they were against the pathogen when scientists sprayed a second dose into their noses.

“That is a suggestion that neutralizing antibodies to the virus can protect” against reinfection, said Dan Barouch, the director of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center’s Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, who steered that research.

If that finding extends to people, “we will start to be able to use that as a predictor of success,” Barouch said. That is, in experiments with vaccine candidates, researchers can start to see what levels of neutralizing antibodies they are producing, and prioritize those that seem to generate more promising responses.

Scientists often home in on neutralizing antibodies as correlates, but there can be other markers as well. They include other types of antibodies, like binding antibodies; immune cells like T cells and B cells; and cytokines — small proteins released by immune cells that serve as messengers. In the monkey study, for example, Barouch and colleagues also found an association between protection and the level of another type of antibody, though it wasn’t as strong as the correlation between protection and neutralizing antibodies. “There are a whole bunch of other things that people look at for correlates of protection,” said virologist Angela Rasmussen of Columbia University.

One challenge is that people respond differently to infections; some studies, for example, have found people who recovered from Covid-19 actually generated low levels of antibodies. But because the immune system is so complex, having low levels of antibodies does not necessarily mean that a person won’t be safeguarded. All that can make it harder to define exactly what immunity looks like.

“Some people who’ve had this have not had high antibody titers or have had low antibody titers,” said Anna Durbin, a vaccine researcher at Johns Hopkins University. “We still don’t know what’s going to happen to them if they’re re-exposed.”

With Covid-19, immunity — whether from an infection or a vaccine — is expected to wane over perhaps a few years; that is what happens with the four human coronaviruses that cause colds.

Tracking the levels of the different correlates could provide clues to how long immunity lasts, and when a person becomes vulnerable again. It could also indicate when people might need another dose of the vaccine.

“When we’re trying to evaluate an immune response, we don’t only want to see we engage the proper immune responses for protection,” said Scott Hale, a University of Utah immunologist. “We also want to make sure there’s some form of long-lasting immunity in case you’re exposed to the pathogen in a year or five years or 10 years.”
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#152,235
#152,235
cHiZzLeVOL said:
Cloth masks are irrelevant period and masks themselves are irrelevant if they aren’t N95s or higher.

The FDA and Health Europa state masks other then N95s or higher are ineffective because they do not stop virus particles from sneezing, coughing, etc.

Cloth masks and Medical Masks (the blue ones) are literally only to protect you from droplets. Not from particles. Masks are worthless.

N95 Respirators, Surgical Masks, and Face Masks



View attachment 294322
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OK, NK95 masks are readily available. I just bought some for about a dollar each.
 
#152,238
#152,238
i2amavol said:
OK, NK95 masks are readily available. I just bought some for about a dollar each.
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Well that’s fine and dandy. They still don’t protect you 100%. Also, everyone would need to wear them. And KN95s are not the equivalent of an N95.

Also, at $1 you might want to check and see if they are NIOSH approved. If they are not you bought a counterfeit KN95 mask.
 
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#152,239
#152,239
“Let’s start along the offensive line where Tennessee would love to start making some moves in the trenches. We feel good about Tennessee’s chances with William Parker but Alabama has made a solid push there as a legit contender for Parker. The biggest question with the Tide will be their numbers as they are set to add some pieces in the offensive line in the coming weeks. Speaking of Alabama, the Vols continue to be high on Rod Orr and the Vols appear to be in good shape there.

We said in the Monday night chat that Tennessee had been having solid dialogue with Diego Pounds and that has continued later in the week. We still think he waits but the talk has been good. Then there is Dietrick Pennington who left the Vols out of his top five but Jeremy Pruitt is not going to go down without a fight. He has taken this one on personally and has been working the Memphis native plenty hard.

On the defensive line, Tennessee has continued to swing on Payton Page. Several Vol assistants have spent hours on the phone this week with Page. We still feel like Clemson would have the advantage at this point but the Vols are working if as hard as possible. Georgia has been pushing hard in the race for Tyrion Ingram Dawkins. They locked in their official but as of now we still feel like it’s the Vols and Cocks, with the in-state school still in front by a nose. Tennessee has also been working defensive lineman Kelvin Gilliam from Highland Springs, Virginia. The Vols offered back in January but recently have engaged him in more serious talks. It’s a name worth keeping an eye on.

Looking at defensive back, Nyland Green has been poised to drop a top 4-5 for a few weeks now. People we have spoken to say it will be a top 5 and the Vols are looking like they will make the cut and have been labeled a dark horse for him.
The Vols would love to get defensive back Damirius McGhee in the boat before too long as they continue to be in a good spot. Tennessee offered Boyd Buchanan tight end Karson Gray this week. It’s just another reason the Vols love the 2022 class in state.
Speaking of the 2022 in-state players, Isaiah Horton has transferred to Oakland from Ensworth to play alongside Jordan James.” The War Room, General's Quarters
 
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#152,246
#152,246
cHiZzLeVOL said:
Well that’s fine and dandy. They still don’t protect you 100%. Also, everyone would need to wear them. And KN95s are not the equivalent of an N95.

Also, at $1 you might want to check and see if they are NIOSH approved. If they are not you bought a counterfeit KN95 mask.
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Good info, thx. Was having this discussion with some buddies. Wasnt sure what any of the differences were?
 
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#152,249
#152,249
SNAFU said:
"We" includes Brent Hubbs, Austin Price and Rob Lewis from VolQuest
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I spent 20 yrs on Volquest before I left due to a disagreement with Rivals. However, I like Hubbs, Price and Lewis, didn't care much for the GataDawg (Simonton) although his coverage of fall practice was excellent.
 
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