The United States is the only developed nation without universal health care. Although health insurance systems worldwide are straining as populations age, safety nets have largely remained in place. Here are brief descriptions of insurance systems of several nations..
France
Health care as percentage of GDP: 9.6
Health expenditure per person: $2,567
Universal care funded through mandatory health insurance provided by Social Security, with private supplemental coverage filling gaps..
Germany
Health care as percentage of GDP: 10.8
Health expenditure per person: $2,820
All individuals are enrolled in government-approved health insurance plans partly financed by employer and employee contributions, although high- income workers may buy private insurance instead..
Japan
Health care as percentage of GDP: 8
Health expenditure per person: $2,131
A dual system in which workers enroll in insurance programs through their jobs, while all others join Japan's national health insurance plan..
United Kingdom
Health care as percentage of GDP: 7.6
Health expenditure per person: $1,989
A publicly funded National Health Service provides free care, with the option of private insurance for those wanting treatment outside the state system..
United States
Health care as percentage of GDP: 13.9
Health expenditure per person: $4,887
Federal and state governments pay most of the cost of care for seniors and the poor, with employer or individually financed insurance available for others. About 45 million people lack coverage.
*2001 figures
Source: World Health Organization, Chronicle research